Numeric and Mathematical Modules¶
The modules described in this chapter provide numeric and math-related functions
and data types. The numbers module defines an abstract hierarchy of
numeric types. The math and cmath modules contain various
mathematical functions for floating-point and complex numbers. The decimal
module supports exact representations of decimal numbers, using arbitrary precision
arithmetic.
The following modules are documented in this chapter:
numbers— Numeric abstract base classesmath— Mathematical functionscmath— Mathematical functions for complex numbersdecimal— Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic- Quick-start Tutorial
- Decimal objects
Decimaladjusted()as_integer_ratio()as_tuple()canonical()compare()compare_signal()compare_total()compare_total_mag()conjugate()copy_abs()copy_negate()copy_sign()exp()from_float()from_number()fma()is_canonical()is_finite()is_infinite()is_nan()is_normal()is_qnan()is_signed()is_snan()is_subnormal()is_zero()ln()log10()logb()logical_and()logical_invert()logical_or()logical_xor()max()max_mag()min()min_mag()next_minus()next_plus()next_toward()normalize()number_class()quantize()radix()remainder_near()rotate()same_quantum()scaleb()shift()sqrt()to_eng_string()to_integral()to_integral_exact()to_integral_value()
- Logical operands
- Context objects
getcontext()setcontext()localcontext()BasicContextExtendedContextDefaultContextContextclear_flags()clear_traps()copy()copy_decimal()create_decimal()create_decimal_from_float()Etiny()Etop()abs()add()canonical()compare()compare_signal()compare_total()compare_total_mag()copy_abs()copy_negate()copy_sign()divide()divide_int()divmod()exp()fma()is_canonical()is_finite()is_infinite()is_nan()is_normal()is_qnan()is_signed()is_snan()is_subnormal()is_zero()ln()log10()logb()logical_and()logical_invert()logical_or()logical_xor()max()max_mag()min()min_mag()minus()multiply()next_minus()next_plus()next_toward()normalize()number_class()plus()power()quantize()radix()remainder()remainder_near()rotate()same_quantum()scaleb()shift()sqrt()subtract()to_eng_string()to_integral_exact()to_sci_string()
- Constants
- Rounding modes
- Signals
- Floating-Point Notes
- Working with threads
- Recipes
- Decimal FAQ
fractions— Rational numbersrandom— Generate pseudo-random numbersstatistics— Mathematical statistics functions