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<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">E</font> be  <a href="compts_1.html#V6" title="COMPTS_1:attr.6">compact</a> non <a href="sppol_1.html#V1" title="SPPOL_1:attr.1">horizontal</a> non <a href="sppol_1.html#V2" title="SPPOL_1:attr.2">vertical</a> <a href="struct_0.html#NM2" title="STRUCT_0:NM.2">Subset</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> 2</span>)</span>;<br/><b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> be    <a href="subset_1.html#M1" title="SUBSET_1:mode.1">Element</a> of  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">NAT</a> ;<br/>



<b>set </b><font color="Maroon" title="c3">G</font> =  <a href="jordan8.html#K1" title="JORDAN8:func.1">Gauge</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">E</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font>;<br/>
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="16_1"><b>per </b></a><a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><b>cases </b></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:16_1"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  or <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  )
 </span>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="16_1_1"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:16_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E8">A1</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> 
 ;<br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:16_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E9">A2</font></i>: 
<a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> 1 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> 
 ;<br/><a NAME="E3:16_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E10">A3</font></i>: 
4 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> 
 ;<br/><a NAME="E4:16_1_1"/>
 <a href="jordan1a.html#K1" title="JORDAN1A:func.1">Center</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan8.html#K1" title="JORDAN8:func.1">Gauge</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">E</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="finseq_1.html#K3" title="FINSEQ_1:func.3">len</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan8.html#K1" title="JORDAN8:func.1">Gauge</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">E</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="jordan1a.html#D1" title="JORDAN1A:def.1">JORDAN1A:def 1</a></i>;<br/><b>hence </b> <a href="jordan1a.html#K1" title="JORDAN1A:func.1">Center</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan8.html#K1" title="JORDAN8:func.1">Gauge</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">E</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> </span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E1:16_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E8">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="jordan8.html#D1" title="JORDAN8:def.1">JORDAN8:def 1</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">1 <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T9" title="NEWTON:th.9">NEWTON:9</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E3:16_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E10">A3</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="nat_d.html#D1" title="NAT_D:def.1">NAT_D:def 1</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> </span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T9" title="NEWTON:th.9">NEWTON:9</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E2:16_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E9">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="binarith.html#D3" title="BINARITH:def.3">BINARITH:def 3</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E1:16_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E8">A1</font></i></a></i>
;<br/><br/></div><b>end;</b></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="16_1_2"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:16_1_2"/><i><font color="Green" title="E8">A4</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> 
 ;<br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:16_1_2"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E9">A5</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K4" title="NAT_D:func.4">mod</a> 2 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="pepin.html#T37" title="PEPIN:th.37">PEPIN:37</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E3:16_1_2"/>
3 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
 ;<br/><a NAME="E4:16_1_2"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E10">A6</font></i>: 
3 <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_d.html#D1" title="NAT_D:def.1">NAT_D:def 1</a></i>;<br/><i><font color="Green" title="E11">A7</font></i>: <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="finseq_1.html#K3" title="FINSEQ_1:func.3">len</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan8.html#K1" title="JORDAN8:func.1">Gauge</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">E</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1 = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="jordan8.html#D1" title="JORDAN8:def.1">JORDAN8:def 1</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">3 <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E2:16_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E9">A5</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="nat_d.html#T19" title="NAT_D:th.19">NAT_D:19</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E4:16_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E10">A6</font></i></a></i>
;<br/><a NAME="E6:16_1_2"/><i><font color="Green" title="E12">A8</font></i>: 
<a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E1:16_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E8">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="nat_1.html#T13" title="NAT_1:th.13">NAT_1:13</a></i>;<br/><span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 2 = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E1:16_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E8">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="pepin.html#T69" title="PEPIN:th.69">PEPIN:69</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T10" title="NEWTON:th.10">NEWTON:10</a></i>
<br/>.= 
2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E6:16_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E12">A8</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="topreal6.html#T15" title="TOPREAL6:th.15">TOPREAL6:15</a></i>
;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E8:16_1_2"/>
 <a href="jordan1a.html#K1" title="JORDAN1A:func.1">Center</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan8.html#K1" title="JORDAN8:func.1">Gauge</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">E</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="jordan1b.html#E5:16_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E11">A7</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="jordan1a.html#D1" title="JORDAN1A:def.1">JORDAN1A:def 1</a></i>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div>

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