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<div class="add">

<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> be   <a href="newton.html#NM1" title="NEWTON:NM.1">Prime</a>;<br/>

<b>assume </b><a NAME="E1:52"/><i><font color="Green" title="E37">A1</font></i>: 
( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a> 2 &amp; ( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K4" title="NAT_D:func.4">mod</a> 8 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1 or <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K4" title="NAT_D:func.4">mod</a> 8 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 7 ) )
 ;<br/>

<b>set </b><font color="Maroon" title="c2">nn</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8;<br/>
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="52_1"><b>per </b></a><a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><b>cases </b></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:52_1"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K4" title="NAT_D:func.4">mod</a> 8 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1 or <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K4" title="NAT_D:func.4">mod</a> 8 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 7 )
 </span><b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="int_5.html#E1:52"><i><font color="Green" title="E37">A1</font></i></a></i>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="52_1_1"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:52_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K4" title="NAT_D:func.4">mod</a> 8 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1
 ;<br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:52_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_d.html#T2" title="NAT_D:th.2">NAT_D:2</a></i>;<br/><b>then </b><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8 = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p0">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p0">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T39" title="BINARITH:th.39">BINARITH:39</a></i>
<br/>.= 
2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_d.html#T18" title="NAT_D:th.18">NAT_D:18</a></i>
;<br/><b>then </b> <a href="int_5.html#K2" title="INT_5:func.2">Lege</a> 2,<font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K2" title="NEWTON:func.2">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="int_5.html#E1:52"><i><font color="Green" title="E37">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="int_5.html#T42" target="_self" title="INT_5:th.42">Th42</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K2" title="NEWTON:func.2">|^</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K2" title="NEWTON:func.2">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T14" title="NEWTON:th.14">NEWTON:14</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="wsierp_1.html#T2" title="WSIERP_1:th.2">WSIERP_1:2</a></i>
<br/>.= 
1 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T15" title="NEWTON:th.15">NEWTON:15</a></i>
<br/>.= 
1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T15" title="NEWTON:th.15">NEWTON:15</a></i>
;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E5:52_1_1"/>
2 <a href="int_5.html#R1" title="INT_5:pred.1">is_quadratic_residue_mod</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="int_5.html#D3" target="_self" title="INT_5:def.3">Def3</a></i>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="52_1_2"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:52_1_2"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K4" title="NAT_D:func.4">mod</a> 8 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 7
 ;<br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:52_1_2"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E38">A2</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 7
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_d.html#T2" title="NAT_D:th.2">NAT_D:2</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E3:52_1_2"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">14 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">7 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> 7</span>)</span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_1.html#T12" title="NAT_1:th.12">NAT_1:12</a></i>;<br/><b>then </b><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8 = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p0">(<span class="default"><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default">14 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p0">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 49</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="int_1.html#K5" title="INT_1:func.5">div</a> 8
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="int_5.html#E2:52_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E38">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T50" title="BINARITH:th.50">BINARITH:50</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">8 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default"><span class="p0">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default">14 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 6</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8

<br/>.= 
2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">7 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_d.html#T18" title="NAT_D:th.18">NAT_D:18</a></i>
;<br/><b>then </b> <a href="int_5.html#K2" title="INT_5:func.2">Lege</a> 2,<font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K2" title="NEWTON:func.2">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default"><span class="p0">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default">7 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="int_5.html#E1:52"><i><font color="Green" title="E37">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="int_5.html#T42" target="_self" title="INT_5:th.42">Th42</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K2" title="NEWTON:func.2">|^</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K2" title="NEWTON:func.2">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">7 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T14" title="NEWTON:th.14">NEWTON:14</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">7 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="wsierp_1.html#T2" title="WSIERP_1:th.2">WSIERP_1:2</a></i>
<br/>.= 
1 <a href="newton.html#K16" title="NEWTON:func.16">|^</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">4 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span> <a href="pepin.html#K2" title="PEPIN:func.2">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">7 <a href="nat_1.html#K4" title="NAT_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="nat_d.html#K3" title="NAT_D:func.3">div</a> 8</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 3</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T15" title="NEWTON:th.15">NEWTON:15</a></i>
<br/>.= 
1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T15" title="NEWTON:th.15">NEWTON:15</a></i>
;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E6:52_1_2"/>
2 <a href="int_5.html#R1" title="INT_5:pred.1">is_quadratic_residue_mod</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="int_5.html#D3" target="_self" title="INT_5:def.3">Def3</a></i>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div>

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