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<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> be   <a href="pre_topc.html#NM2" title="PRE_TOPC:NM.2">Point</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> 2</span>)</span>;<br/>



<i><font color="Green" title="E24">A1</font></i>: <span class="p1"><a href="euclid_2.html#K2" title="EUCLID_2:func.2">|(</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span><a href="euclid_2.html#K2" title="EUCLID_2:func.2">)|</a></span> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 4</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="euclid_2.html#T71" title="EUCLID_2:th.71">EUCLID_2:71</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 4</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="jgraph_3.html#T10" title="JGRAPH_3:th.10">JGRAPH_3:10</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 4</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="jgraph_3.html#T10" title="JGRAPH_3:th.10">JGRAPH_3:10</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 4</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>

;<br/>
<a NAME="E2:44"/><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A2</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="topreal3.html#T7" title="TOPREAL3:th.7">TOPREAL3:7</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E3:44"/><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A3</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="topreal3.html#T7" title="TOPREAL3:th.7">TOPREAL3:7</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E4:44"/><i><font color="Green" title="E27">A4</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="topreal3.html#T8" title="TOPREAL3:th.8">TOPREAL3:8</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:44"/><i><font color="Green" title="E28">A5</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="topreal3.html#T8" title="TOPREAL3:th.8">TOPREAL3:8</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E6:44"/><i><font color="Green" title="E29">A6</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E2:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="square_1.html#T63" title="SQUARE_1:th.63">SQUARE_1:63</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E7:44"/><i><font color="Green" title="E30">A7</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K17" title="EUCLID:func.17">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E3:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A3</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="square_1.html#T63" title="SQUARE_1:th.63">SQUARE_1:63</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E8:44"/><i><font color="Green" title="E31">A8</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E4:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E27">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="square_1.html#T64" title="SQUARE_1:th.64">SQUARE_1:64</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E9:44"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K20" title="EUCLID:func.20">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span>)</span> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K9" title="REAL_1:func.9">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5" title="SQUARE_1:func.5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E5:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E28">A5</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="square_1.html#T64" title="SQUARE_1:th.64">SQUARE_1:64</a></i>;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E10:44"/>
<span class="p1"><a href="euclid_2.html#K2" title="EUCLID_2:func.2">|(</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font></span><a href="euclid_2.html#K2" title="EUCLID_2:func.2">)|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K21" title="EUCLID:func.21">`1</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K7" title="REAL_1:func.7">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">q</font> <a href="euclid.html#K22" title="EUCLID:func.22">`2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E1:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E24">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E6:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E29">A6</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E7:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E30">A7</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="euclid_3.html#E8:44"><i><font color="Green" title="E31">A8</font></i></a></i>;<br/>


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