<?xml version="1.0"?>
<div class="add">

<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> be  <a href="xreal_0.html#V1" title="XREAL_0:attr.1">real</a>  <a href="ordinal1.html#NM1" title="ORDINAL1:NM.1">number</a> ;<br/>

<b>assume </b><a NAME="E1:17"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> 0
 ;<br/>

<a NAME="E2:17"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2 <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> 0
 
;<br/>
<a NAME="E3:17"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E14">A1</font></i>: 
 <a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> 0
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E5"><i><font color="Green" title="E5">Lm4</font></i></a></i>;<br/>
<i><font color="Green" title="E15">A2</font></i>: <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1 = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T56" title="XCMPLX_1:th.56">XCMPLX_1:56</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos8.html#T2" target="_self" title="SIN_COS8:th.2">Th2</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E3:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E14">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T60" title="XCMPLX_1:th.60">XCMPLX_1:60</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T63" title="XCMPLX_1:th.63">XCMPLX_1:63</a></i>
;<br/>
<i><font color="Green" title="E16">A3</font></i>: <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1 = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T56" title="XCMPLX_1:th.56">XCMPLX_1:56</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos8.html#T2" target="_self" title="SIN_COS8:th.2">Th2</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E3:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E14">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T60" title="XCMPLX_1:th.60">XCMPLX_1:60</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T121" title="XCMPLX_1:th.121">XCMPLX_1:121</a></i>
;<br/>
<i><font color="Green" title="E17">A4</font></i>:  <a href="sin_cos.html#K28" title="SIN_COS:func.28">exp_R</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos8.html#T7" target="_self" title="SIN_COS8:th.7">Th7</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E3:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E14">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E4:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E15">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E5:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E16">A3</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T55" title="XCMPLX_1:th.55">XCMPLX_1:55</a></i>
;<br/>
 <a href="sin_cos.html#K28" title="SIN_COS:func.28">exp_R</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font></span>)</span> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">1 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos2.html#K9" title="SIN_COS2:func.9">tanh</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos8.html#T7" target="_self" title="SIN_COS8:th.7">Th7</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E3:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E14">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E4:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E15">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E5:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E16">A3</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T55" title="XCMPLX_1:th.55">XCMPLX_1:55</a></i>
;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E8:17"/>
(  <a href="sin_cos.html#K28" title="SIN_COS:func.28">exp_R</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span> &amp;  <a href="sin_cos.html#K28" title="SIN_COS:func.28">exp_R</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="xcmplx_0.html#K4" title="XCMPLX_0:func.4">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos5.html#K1" title="SIN_COS5:func.1">coth</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">x</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="sin_cos8.html#E6:17"><i><font color="Green" title="E17">A4</font></i></a></i>;<br/>


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