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<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> be  <a href="ordinal1.html#V7" title="ORDINAL1:attr.7">natural</a>  <a href="ordinal1.html#NM1" title="ORDINAL1:NM.1">number</a> ;<br/>

<b>assume </b><a NAME="E1:19"/><i><font color="Green" title="E19">A1</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a> 0
 ;<br/>

<a NAME="E2:19"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a> 1 <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 0
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_1.html#T13" title="NAT_1:th.13">NAT_1:13</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E3:19"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E21">A3</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T53" title="BINARITH:th.53">BINARITH:53</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E4:19"/><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A4</font></i>: 
1 <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> 2 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a> 2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E2:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xreal_1.html#T66" title="XREAL_1:th.66">XREAL_1:66</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:19"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E23">A5</font></i>: 
1 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xxreal_0.html#T2" title="XXREAL_0:th.2">XXREAL_0:2</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E6:19"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E24">A6</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T50" title="BINARITH:th.50">BINARITH:50</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E7:19"/><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A7</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E5:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E23">A5</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="catalan1.html#T4" target="_self" title="CATALAN1:th.4">Th4</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E8:19"/><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A8</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1 <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E5:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E23">A5</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T53" title="BINARITH:th.53">BINARITH:53</a></i>;<br/>
<i><font color="Green" title="E27">A9</font></i>: 2 <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> = 
2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E2:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T50" title="BINARITH:th.50">BINARITH:50</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> 1</span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 2
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E4:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T50" title="BINARITH:th.50">BINARITH:50</a></i>
;<br/>
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="19_2"><b>per </b></a><a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><b>cases </b></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:19_2"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1 or <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a> 1 )
 </span><b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E2:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="real_1.html#D5" title="REAL_1:def.5">REAL_1:def 5</a></i>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="19_2_1"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:19_2_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> 1
 ;<br/><div class="add"><b>hence </b><a NAME="E2:19_2_1"/>
 <a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">3 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="catalan1.html#T11" target="_self" title="CATALAN1:th.11">Th11</a>, <a class="ref" href="catalan1.html#T12" target="_self" title="CATALAN1:th.12">Th12</a></i>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="19_2_2"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:19_2_2"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a> 1
 ;<br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:19_2_2"/><b>then </b>
1 <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="nat_1.html#T13" title="NAT_1:th.13">NAT_1:13</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E3:19_2_2"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E28">A10</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1 <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T73" title="BINARITH:th.73">BINARITH:73</a></i>;<br/><i><font color="Green" title="E29">A11</font></i>:  <a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> = 
 <a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E2:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T53" title="BINARITH:th.53">BINARITH:53</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6" title="REAL_1:func.6">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K1" title="NAT_1:func.1">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E3:19_2_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E28">A10</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="catalan1.html#T14" target="_self" title="CATALAN1:th.14">Th14</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6" title="REAL_1:func.6">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K4" title="REAL_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E2:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E9:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E27">A9</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="binarith.html#T53" title="BINARITH:th.53">BINARITH:53</a></i>
;<br/><i><font color="Green" title="E30">A12</font></i>: 2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">3 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> = 
2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">3 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T90" title="XCMPLX_1:th.90">XCMPLX_1:90</a></i>
<br/>.= 
2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 3</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T121" title="XCMPLX_1:th.121">XCMPLX_1:121</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T75" title="XCMPLX_1:th.75">XCMPLX_1:75</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E1:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E19">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E6:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E24">A6</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T92" title="XCMPLX_1:th.92">XCMPLX_1:92</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span>

;<br/> <a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6" title="REAL_1:func.6">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K4" title="REAL_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E2:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="catalan1.html#T14" target="_self" title="CATALAN1:th.14">Th14</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K4" title="REAL_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E8:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A8</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="newton.html#T21" title="NEWTON:th.21">NEWTON:21</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K4" title="REAL_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E7:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A7</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="newton.html#T21" title="NEWTON:th.21">NEWTON:21</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="newton.html#T21" title="NEWTON:th.21">NEWTON:21</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E3:19"><i><font color="Green" title="E21">A3</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="newton.html#T21" title="NEWTON:th.21">NEWTON:21</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="newton.html#K6" title="NEWTON:func.6">!</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K4" title="REAL_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="newton.html#K12" title="NEWTON:func.12">!</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="binarith.html#K3" title="BINARITH:func.3">-'</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E4:19_2_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E29">A11</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T77" title="XCMPLX_1:th.77">XCMPLX_1:77</a></i>
;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E7:19_2_2"/>
 <a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default">3 <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K7" title="XCMPLX_0:func.7">/</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2" title="XCMPLX_0:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3" title="XCMPLX_0:func.3">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="catalan1.html#K1" title="CATALAN1:func.1">Catalan</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="catalan1.html#E5:19_2_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E30">A12</font></i></a></i>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div>

</div>
