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<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">F</font> be  <a href="group_1.html#V7" title="GROUP_1:attr.7">commutative</a> <a href="vectsp_1.html#V9" title="VECTSP_1:attr.9">Field-like</a> <a href="funcsdom.html#NM1" title="FUNCSDOM:NM.1">Ring</a>;<br/><b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> be   <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">F</font>;<br/>



<b>assume </b><b>that </b><br/><a NAME="E1:83"/><i><font color="Green" title="E60">A1</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a>  <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">0.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">F</font>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E2:83"/><i><font color="Green" title="E61">A2</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a>  <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">0.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">F</font>
 ;<br/>

<a NAME="E3:83"/><i><font color="Green" title="E62">A3</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a>  <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">0.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">F</font>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="gcd_1.html#E1:83"><i><font color="Green" title="E60">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="gcd_1.html#E2:83"><i><font color="Green" title="E61">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="vectsp_1.html#T44" title="VECTSP_1:th.44">VECTSP_1:44</a></i>;<br/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font></span>)</span> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font></span>)</span> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="group_1.html#D4" title="GROUP_1:def.4">GROUP_1:def 4</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="group_1.html#D4" title="GROUP_1:def.4">GROUP_1:def 4</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="group_1.html#K2" title="GROUP_1:func.2">1.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">F</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="gcd_1.html#E1:83"><i><font color="Green" title="E60">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="vectsp_1.html#D22" title="VECTSP_1:def.22">VECTSP_1:def 22</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="vectsp_1.html#D13" title="VECTSP_1:def.13">VECTSP_1:def 13</a></i>
<br/>.= 
 <a href="group_1.html#K2" title="GROUP_1:func.2">1.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">F</font>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="gcd_1.html#E2:83"><i><font color="Green" title="E61">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="vectsp_1.html#D22" title="VECTSP_1:def.22">VECTSP_1:def 22</a></i>
;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E5:83"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">b</font> <a href="group_1.html#K10" title="GROUP_1:func.10">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">a</font></span>)</span> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">"</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="gcd_1.html#E3:83"><i><font color="Green" title="E62">A3</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="vectsp_1.html#D22" title="VECTSP_1:def.22">VECTSP_1:def 22</a></i>;<br/>


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