<?xml version="1.0"?>
<div class="add">

<b>thus </b><a NAME="E1:43_1_1"/>
( <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 0 implies  ex <font color="Olive">r</font> being  <a href="real_1.html#NM1">Real</a> st <br/>( <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Olive">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Olive">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3">*</a> <a href="complex1.html#K7">&lt;i&gt;</a> </span>)</span> &amp; 0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Olive">r</font> &amp; <font color="Olive">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  ) )
 <div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1"><b>proof </b></a><div class="add">

<b>assume </b><a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 0
 ;<br/>

<a NAME="E2:43_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E28</font></i>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 0
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T131">COMPLEX1:131</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E3:43_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green">E30</font></i>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" target="_self">&gt;=</a> 0
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T132">COMPLEX1:132</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E4:43_1_1_1"/>
 <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T140">COMPLEX1:140</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:43_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E34</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> 1
 
<b>by </b><i>, , <a class="ref" href="real_2.html#T117">REAL_2:117</a></i>;<br/>
<b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">z1</font> = <font color="Maroon">z</font> as  <a href="xcmplx_0.html#V1">complex</a>  <a href="ordinal1.html#NM1" target="_self">number</a>  ;<br/>
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1"><b>now </b></a><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1"><b>per </b></a><a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><b>cases </b></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1_1_1"/>
(  <a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" target="_self">&gt;=</a> 0 or  <a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 0 )
 </span>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green">E36</font></i>: 
 <a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" target="_self">&gt;=</a> 0
 ;<br/><div class="add"><b>set </b><font color="Maroon">0PI</font> = <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default">0,<a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>;<br/><b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> = <a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="partfun1.html#K2">|</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default">0,<a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span> as   <a href="partfun1.html#NM1">PartFunc</a> of <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default">0,<a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>, <a href="numbers.html#K1">REAL</a>  <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="partfun1.html#T43">PARTFUN1:43</a></i>;<br/><b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> = <font color="Maroon">cos1</font> as  <a href="funct_1.html#V2">one-to-one</a> <a href="partfun1.html#NM1">PartFunc</a> of <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default">0,<a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>, <a href="numbers.html#K1">REAL</a>  <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E3:43_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E30</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="rfunct_2.html#T82">RFUNCT_2:82</a></i>;<br/><b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">r</font> = <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span> <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> as   <a href="real_1.html#NM1">Real</a> ;<br/><b>take </b><font color="Maroon">r</font> = <font color="Maroon">r</font>;<br/><a NAME="E5:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/>
 <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" target="_self">&gt;=</a>  <a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 <b>by </b><i/>;<br/><a NAME="E6:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
 <a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> 1 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E37</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E11:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E38</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="real_2.html#T117">REAL_2:117</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E37</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K2">rng</a> <font color="Maroon">cos1</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E12:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E39</font></i></a>, , <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E8:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K1">dom</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T55">FUNCT_1:55</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E9:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K2">rng</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#D5">FUNCT_1:def 5</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E10:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K1">dom</a> <font color="Maroon">cos1</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T55">FUNCT_1:55</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E11:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E38</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default">0,<a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="relat_1.html#T86">RELAT_1:86</a></i>;<br/><i><font color="Green">E39</font></i>:  <a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> = 
<a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#D23">SIN_COS:def 23</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E14:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E42</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T72">FUNCT_1:72</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T57">FUNCT_1:57</a></i>
;<br/><a NAME="E13:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E40</font></i>: 
 <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E37</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T88">XCMPLX_1:88</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E14:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green">E42</font></i>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i/>;<br/><a NAME="E15:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green">E43</font></i>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 0
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E37</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T6">XCMPLX_1:6</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E16:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/>
( 0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> &amp; <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E14:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E42</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E17:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
( ( 0 <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> or 0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> ) &amp; ( <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a>  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  or <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a>  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  ) )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="real_1.html#D5">REAL_1:def 5</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E18:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
( <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 0 or <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a>  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  or <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2">].</a><span class="default">0,<a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2">.[</a></span> )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T47">RCOMP_1:47</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E19:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E45</font></i>: 
<a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" target="_self">&gt;=</a> 0
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#T33">SIN_COS:33</a>, <a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#T81">SIN_COS:81</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E20:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#T31">SIN_COS:31</a></i>;<br/><b>then </b><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a>  = 
1 <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
1 <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E15:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E43</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#D23">SIN_COS:def 23</a></i>
<br/>.= 
1 <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T77">XCMPLX_1:77</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="comptrig.html#T3" target="_self">Th3</a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T60">XCMPLX_1:60</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E19:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E45</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T77">XCMPLX_1:77</a></i>
;<br/><b>then </b><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> = 
 <a href="square_1.html#K7">sqrt</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="square_1.html#T89">SQUARE_1:89</a></i>
<br/>.= 
 <a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T158">COMPLEX1:158</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T153">COMPLEX1:153</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>

;<br/><a NAME="E23:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
 <a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E37</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T88">XCMPLX_1:88</a></i>;<br/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E82</font></i>:  <a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> = 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E13:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E40</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#D21">SIN_COS:def 21</a></i>
;<br/><b>thus </b><a NAME="E25:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3">*</a> <a href="complex1.html#K7">&lt;i&gt;</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="comptrig.html#T7" target="_self">Th7</a>, <a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T29">COMPLEX1:29</a></i>;<br/><b>thus </b><a NAME="E26:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/>
0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E14:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E42</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E27:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E14:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green">E42</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E28:43_1_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xxreal_0.html#T2">XXREAL_0:2</a>, </i>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1_2"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1_1_1_2"/><i><font color="Green">E83</font></i>: 
 <a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 0
 ;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1"><b>now </b></a><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1"><b>per </b></a><a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><b>cases </b></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1"/>
(  <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> or  <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> )
 </span>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
 <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 ;<br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E84</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T58">XCMPLX_1:58</a></i>;<br/><b>set </b><font color="Maroon">0PI</font> = <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> ,<span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>;<br/><b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> = <a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="partfun1.html#K2">|</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> ,<span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span> as   <a href="partfun1.html#NM1">PartFunc</a> of <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> ,<span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>, <a href="numbers.html#K1">REAL</a>  <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="partfun1.html#T43">PARTFUN1:43</a></i>;<br/><b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> = <font color="Maroon">cos1</font> as  <a href="funct_1.html#V2">one-to-one</a> <a href="partfun1.html#NM1">PartFunc</a> of <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> ,<span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>, <a href="numbers.html#K1">REAL</a>  <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="rfunct_2.html#T82">RFUNCT_2:82</a></i>;<br/><b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">r</font> = <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span> <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> as   <a href="real_1.html#NM1">Real</a> ;<br/><b>take </b><font color="Maroon">r</font> = <font color="Maroon">r</font>;<br/><a NAME="E6:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
 <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" target="_self">&gt;=</a>  <a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 <b>by </b><i/>;<br/><a NAME="E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
 <a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> 1 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 <b>by </b><i>, , <a class="ref" href="real_2.html#T117">REAL_2:117</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E8:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E85</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K2">rng</a> <font color="Maroon">cos1</font>
 <b>by </b><i>, , <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E9:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E86</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K1">dom</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T55">FUNCT_1:55</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E10:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K2">rng</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#D5">FUNCT_1:def 5</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E11:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K1">dom</a> <font color="Maroon">cos1</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T55">FUNCT_1:55</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E12:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E87</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> ,<span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="relat_1.html#T86">RELAT_1:86</a></i>;<br/><i><font color="Green">E104</font></i>:  <a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> = 
<a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#D23">SIN_COS:def 23</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font>
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T72">FUNCT_1:72</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T57">FUNCT_1:57</a></i>
;<br/><a NAME="E14:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E105</font></i>: 
 <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T88">XCMPLX_1:88</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E15:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green">E106</font></i>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i/>;<br/><a NAME="E16:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green">E107</font></i>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 0
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T6">XCMPLX_1:6</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E17:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
(  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> &amp; <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  )
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E18:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
( (  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> or  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> ) &amp; ( <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  or <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  ) )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="real_1.html#D5">REAL_1:def 5</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E19:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
( <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a>  <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  or <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  or <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2">].</a><span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> ,<span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K2">.[</a></span> )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T47">RCOMP_1:47</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E20:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E108</font></i>: 
<a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> 0
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#T81">SIN_COS:81</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E21:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 1
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#T31">SIN_COS:31</a></i>;<br/><b>then </b><span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a>  = 
1 <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
1 <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#D23">SIN_COS:def 23</a></i>
<br/>.= 
1 <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T77">XCMPLX_1:77</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="comptrig.html#T7" target="_self">Th7</a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T60">XCMPLX_1:60</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K5">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>

<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> 
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T77">XCMPLX_1:77</a></i>
;<br/><b>then </b> <a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span> = 
 <a href="square_1.html#K7">sqrt</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="comptrig.html#T17" target="_self">Th17</a>, <a class="ref" href="square_1.html#T90">SQUARE_1:90</a></i>
<br/>.= 
 <a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T158">COMPLEX1:158</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T153">COMPLEX1:153</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>

;<br/><a NAME="E24:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K6">/</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 ;<br/><a NAME="E25:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
 <a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T88">XCMPLX_1:88</a></i>;<br/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E109</font></i>:  <a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="real_1.html#K1">-</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> = 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K19">sin</a>  <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#D21">SIN_COS:def 21</a></i>
;<br/><font color="Maroon">z1</font> = 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3">*</a> <a href="complex1.html#K7">&lt;i&gt;</a> </span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T29">COMPLEX1:29</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="arytm_0.html#K5">[*</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span></span><a href="arytm_0.html#K5">*]</a></span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T27">COMPLEX1:27</a></i>
;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E28:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3">*</a> <a href="complex1.html#K7">&lt;i&gt;</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T27">COMPLEX1:27</a>, <a class="ref" href="comptrig.html#T3" target="_self">Th3</a>, <a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E21"><i><font color="Green">Lemma50</font></i></a></i>;<br/><b>thus </b><a NAME="E29:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font>
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E30:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green">E110</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 <div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"><b>proof </b></a><div class="add">

<a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/><i><font color="Green">E111</font></i>: 
 <a href="relat_1.html#K1">dom</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K22">cos</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K1">REAL</a> 
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#D22">SIN_COS:def 22</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E2:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/><i><font color="Green">E112</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a>  is <a href="funct_1.html#V2">one-to-one</a>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T62">FUNCT_1:62</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E3:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/>
1 <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K2">rng</a> <font color="Maroon">cos1</font>
 
<b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E4:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E113</font></i>: 
1 <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K1">dom</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T55">FUNCT_1:55</a></i>;<br/>
<b>assume </b><a NAME="E5:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/><i><font color="Green">E114</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 ;<br/>

<a NAME="E6:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/><i><font color="Green">E115</font></i>: 
2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">[.</a><span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> ,<span class="p2">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="rcomp_1.html#K1">.]</a></span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a>, </i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E116</font></i>: 
2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2">in</a>  <a href="relat_1.html#K1">dom</a> <font color="Maroon">cos1</font>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E23"><i><font color="Green">Lemma52</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="relat_1.html#T86">RELAT_1:86</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E8:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/>
<font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default">2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 1
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E27"><i><font color="Green">Lemma56</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T72">FUNCT_1:72</a>, <a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#T81">SIN_COS:81</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E9:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/><b>then </b>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon">cos1</font> <a href="partfun2.html#K2">"</a> </span>)</span> <a href="seq_1.html#K2">.</a> 1 <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E28"><i><font color="Green">Lemma57</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#T54">FUNCT_1:54</a></i>;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E10:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1_6"/>
contradiction
 <b>by </b><i>, , <a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E24"><i><font color="Green">Lemma53</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E25"><i><font color="Green">Lemma54</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E26"><i><font color="Green">Lemma55</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="funct_1.html#D8">FUNCT_1:def 8</a></i>;<br/>


</div><b>end;</b></div><a NAME="E31:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 <b>by </b><i>, <a class="ref" href="rcomp_1.html#T48">RCOMP_1:48</a></i>;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E32:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="comptrig.html#E22"><i><font color="Green">Lemma51</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="real_1.html#D5">REAL_1:def 5</a></i>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_2"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_2"/><i><font color="Green">E117</font></i>: 
 <a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span>
 ;<br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_2"/><b>then </b>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K3">Re</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font></span>)</span> <a href="square_1.html#K5">^2</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i/>;<br/><a NAME="E3:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_2"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green">E118</font></i>: 
 <a href="complex1.html#K4">Im</a> <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 0
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T6">XCMPLX_1:6</a></i>;<br/><b>reconsider </b><font color="Maroon">r</font> = 0 as   <a href="real_1.html#NM1">Real</a> ;<br/><b>take </b><font color="Maroon">r</font> = <font color="Maroon">r</font>;<br/><b>thus </b><a NAME="E5:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_2"/>
<font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3">*</a> <a href="complex1.html#K7">&lt;i&gt;</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i>, , <a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T29">COMPLEX1:29</a>, <a class="ref" href="sin_cos.html#T34">SIN_COS:34</a></i>;<br/><b>thus </b><a NAME="E6:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_2"/>
0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Maroon">r</font>
 ;<br/><b>thus </b><a NAME="E7:43_1_1_1_1_1_2_1_1_2"/>
<font color="Maroon">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a> 
 <b>by </b><i/>;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div><b>hence </b><a NAME="E3:43_1_1_1_1_1_2"/>
 ex <font color="Olive">r</font> being  <a href="real_1.html#NM1">Real</a> st <br/>( <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Olive">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Olive">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3">*</a> <a href="complex1.html#K7">&lt;i&gt;</a> </span>)</span> &amp; 0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Olive">r</font> &amp; <font color="Olive">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  )
 ;<br/></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E8:43_1_1_1"/>
 ex <font color="Olive">r</font> being  <a href="real_1.html#NM1">Real</a> st <br/>( <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K24">cos</a> <font color="Olive">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K2">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3"><a href="complex1.html#K17">|.</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon">z</font></span><a href="complex1.html#K17">.|</a></span> <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="sin_cos.html#K21">sin</a> <font color="Olive">r</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K3">*</a> <a href="complex1.html#K7">&lt;i&gt;</a> </span>)</span> &amp; 0 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1">&lt;=</a> <font color="Olive">r</font> &amp; <font color="Olive">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" target="_self">&lt;</a> 2 <a href="real_1.html#K4">*</a> <a href="sin_cos.html#K35">PI</a>  )
 ;<br/>


</div><b>end;</b></div>

<b>thus </b><a NAME="E2:43_1_1"/>
( not <font color="Maroon">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" target="_self">&lt;&gt;</a> 0 implies  ex <font color="Olive">b<sub>1</sub></font> being  <a href="real_1.html#NM1">Real</a> st <font color="Olive">b<sub>1</sub></font> <a href="hidden.html#R1">=</a> 0 )
 ;<br/>


</div>
