<?xml version="1.0"?>
<div class="add">

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> be    <a href="subset_1.html#M1" title="SUBSET_1:mode.1">Element</a> of  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">NAT</a> ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> for <font color="Olive" title="b1">p</font> being  <a href="pre_topc.html#NM2" title="PRE_TOPC:NM.2">Point</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span><br/> for <font color="Olive" title="b2">P</font> being  <a href="struct_0.html#NM2" title="STRUCT_0:NM.2">Subset</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>  st <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a> 1 &amp; <font color="Olive" title="b2">P</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">{</a><span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b1">p</font></span><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">}</a></span> holds <br/><font color="Olive" title="b2">P</font> is  <a href="tops_1.html#V2" title="TOPS_1:attr.2">boundary</a> </span><br/><span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> be   <a href="pre_topc.html#NM2" title="PRE_TOPC:NM.2">Point</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> for <font color="Olive" title="b1">P</font> being  <a href="struct_0.html#NM2" title="STRUCT_0:NM.2">Subset</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>  st <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a> 1 &amp; <font color="Olive" title="b1">P</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">{</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">}</a></span> holds <br/><font color="Olive" title="b1">P</font> is  <a href="tops_1.html#V2" title="TOPS_1:attr.2">boundary</a> </span><br/><span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> be   <a href="struct_0.html#NM2" title="STRUCT_0:NM.2">Subset</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> ( <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a> 1 &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">{</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">}</a></span> implies <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> is  <a href="tops_1.html#V2" title="TOPS_1:attr.2">boundary</a>  )</span><br/>





<span class="kw">assume </span><span class="kw">that </span><br/><a NAME="E1:111"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E92">A1</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR2" title="XXREAL_0:NR.2">&gt;=</a> 1
 <span class="kw">and </span><br/><a NAME="E2:111"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E93">A2</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">{</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span><a href="domain_1.html#K6" title="DOMAIN_1:func.6">}</a></span>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> is  <a href="tops_1.html#V2" title="TOPS_1:attr.2">boundary</a> </span><br/>

<a NAME="E3:111"/>
the <a href="struct_0.html#U1" title="STRUCT_0:sel.1">carrier</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span>
 
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="111_1"><span class="kw">proof </span></a><div class="add">

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> be    <a href="hidden.html#M1" title="HIDDEN:mode.1">set</a> ; <span class="comment"><font color="Red">:: according to </font></span><a class="ref" href="tarski.html#D3" title="TARSKI:def.3">TARSKI:def 3</a> <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> (  not <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> the <a href="struct_0.html#U1" title="STRUCT_0:sel.1">carrier</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> or <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span> )</span><br/>

<span class="kw">assume </span><a NAME="E1:111_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E94">A3</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> the <a href="struct_0.html#U1" title="STRUCT_0:sel.1">carrier</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span></span><br/>

<div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="111_1_1"><span class="kw">per </span></a><a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="kw">cases </span></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:111_1_1"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> or <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> )
 </span>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="111_1_1_1"><span class="kw">suppose </span></a><a NAME="E1:111_1_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E95">A4</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span></span><br/><div class="add"><span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c5">ez</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> as   <a href="pre_topc.html#NM2" title="PRE_TOPC:NM.2">Point</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K14" title="EUCLID:func.14">Euclid</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:111_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E94">A3</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="topreal3.html#T13" title="TOPREAL3:th.13">TOPREAL3:13</a></span>;<br/><a NAME="E3:111_1_1_1"/>
for <font color="Olive" title="b1">G1</font> being  <a href="struct_0.html#NM2" title="STRUCT_0:NM.2">Subset</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>  st <font color="Olive" title="b1">G1</font> is  <a href="pre_topc.html#V3" title="PRE_TOPC:attr.3">open</a>  &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">G1</font> holds <br/><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#NR5" title="XBOOLE_0:NR.5">meets</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">G1</font>
 <div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="111_1_1_1_1"><span class="kw">proof </span></a><div class="add">

<span class="kw">let </span><font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> be   <a href="struct_0.html#NM2" title="STRUCT_0:NM.2">Subset</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> ( <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> is  <a href="pre_topc.html#V3" title="PRE_TOPC:attr.3">open</a>  &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> implies <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#NR5" title="XBOOLE_0:NR.5">meets</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> )</span><br/>

<span class="kw">assume </span><a NAME="E1:111_1_1_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E96">A5</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> is  <a href="pre_topc.html#V3" title="PRE_TOPC:attr.3">open</a> 
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> (  not <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> or <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#NR5" title="XBOOLE_0:NR.5">meets</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> )</span><br/>

<span class="kw">thus </span><a NAME="E2:111_1_1_1_1"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> implies <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#NR5" title="XBOOLE_0:NR.5">meets</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> )
  <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="kw">proof </span></a><div class="add">

<a NAME="E1:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E97">A6</font></span>: 
 <a href="pre_topc.html#G1" title="PRE_TOPC:aggr.1">TopStruct</a>(# the <a href="struct_0.html#U1" title="STRUCT_0:sel.1">carrier</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>,the <a href="pre_topc.html#U1" title="PRE_TOPC:sel.1">topology</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> #) <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="pcomps_1.html#K3" title="PCOMPS_1:func.3">TopSpaceMetr</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K14" title="EUCLID:func.14">Euclid</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="euclid.html#D8" title="EUCLID:def.8">EUCLID:def 8</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">then </span><span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c7">GG</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font> as   <a href="struct_0.html#NM2" title="STRUCT_0:NM.2">Subset</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="pcomps_1.html#K3" title="PCOMPS_1:func.3">TopSpaceMetr</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K14" title="EUCLID:func.14">Euclid</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> ;<br/>
<span class="kw">assume </span><a NAME="E3:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E98">A7</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#NR5" title="XBOOLE_0:NR.5">meets</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font></span><br/>

<a NAME="E4:111_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c7">GG</font> is  <a href="pre_topc.html#V3" title="PRE_TOPC:attr.3">open</a> 
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:111_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E96">A5</font></span></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E1:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E97">A6</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="pre_topc.html#T60" title="PRE_TOPC:th.60">PRE_TOPC:60</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">then </span><span class="kw">consider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c8">r</font> being   <a href="xreal_0.html#V1" title="XREAL_0:attr.1">real</a>   <a href="ordinal1.html#NM1" title="ORDINAL1:NM.1">number</a> <span class="kw"> such that </span><br/><a NAME="E6:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E99">A8</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c8">r</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> 
 <span class="kw">and </span><br/><a NAME="E7:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E100">A9</font></span>: 
 <a href="metric_1.html#K9" title="METRIC_1:func.9">Ball</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">ez</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c8">r</font> <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c7">GG</font>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E3:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E98">A7</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="topmetr.html#T22" title="TOPMETR:th.22">TOPMETR:22</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c8">r</font> as   <a href="real_1.html#NM1" title="REAL_1:NM.1">Real</a> <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="xreal_0.html#D1" title="XREAL_0:def.1">XREAL_0:def 1</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">set </span><font color="Maroon" title="c10">p2</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">reconsider </span><font color="Maroon" title="c11">ep2</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> as   <a href="pre_topc.html#NM2" title="PRE_TOPC:NM.2">Point</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K14" title="EUCLID:func.14">Euclid</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span> <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="topreal3.html#T13" title="TOPREAL3:th.13">TOPREAL3:13</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E10:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E101">A10</font></span>: 
 <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a>  <a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:111"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E92">A1</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="square_1.html#T93" title="SQUARE_1:th.93">SQUARE_1:93</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E102">A11</font></span>: <span class="p1"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><span class="p0">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p0">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span> = 
<span class="p1"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="euclid.html#T51" title="EUCLID:th.51">EUCLID:51</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><span class="p5">(<span class="default"><span class="p0">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p0">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p5">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="euclid.html#T49" title="EUCLID:th.49">EUCLID:49</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><span class="p4">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p4">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="euclid.html#T52" title="EUCLID:th.52">EUCLID:52</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18" title="COMPLEX1:func.18">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1"><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">|.</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span><a href="euclid.html#K12" title="EUCLID:func.12">.|</a></span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="toprns_1.html#T8" title="TOPRNS_1:th.8">TOPRNS_1:8</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18" title="COMPLEX1:func.18">abs</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="jordan2c.html#T35" target="_self" title="JORDAN2C:th.35">Th35</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18" title="COMPLEX1:func.18">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18" title="COMPLEX1:func.18">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="complex1.html#T153" title="COMPLEX1:th.153">COMPLEX1:153</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="complex1.html#K18" title="COMPLEX1:func.18">abs</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K8" title="REAL_1:func.8">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E10:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E101">A10</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1" title="ABSVALUE:def.1">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></span>
<br/>.= 
 <a href="complex1.html#K18" title="COMPLEX1:func.18">abs</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span>
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E10:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E101">A10</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="xcmplx_1.html#T88" title="XCMPLX_1:th.88">XCMPLX_1:88</a></span>
<br/>.= 
<font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E6:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E99">A8</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="absvalue.html#D1" title="ABSVALUE:def.1">ABSVALUE:def 1</a></span>
;<br/>
<a NAME="E12:111_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2 <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR4" title="XXREAL_0:NR.4">&gt;</a>  <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a> 
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E6:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E99">A8</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="xreal_1.html#T141" title="XREAL_1:th.141">XREAL_1:141</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E13:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="kw">then </span>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E11:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E102">A11</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="toprns_1.html#T29" title="TOPRNS_1:th.29">TOPRNS_1:29</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E14:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="kw">then </span>
not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E2:111"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E93">A2</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="tarski.html#D1" title="TARSKI:def.1">TARSKI:def 1</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E15:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="kw">then </span><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E103">A12</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> 
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D5" title="XBOOLE_0:def.5">XBOOLE_0:def 5</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E16:111_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2 <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E6:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E99">A8</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="xreal_1.html#T218" title="XREAL_1:th.218">XREAL_1:218</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E17:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="kw">then </span>
 <a href="metric_1.html#K4" title="METRIC_1:func.4">dist</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">ez</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c11">ep2</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:111_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E95">A4</font></span></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E11:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E102">A11</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="jgraph_1.html#T45" title="JGRAPH_1:th.45">JGRAPH_1:45</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E18:111_1_1_1_1_1"/><span class="kw">then </span>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K4" title="RLVECT_1:func.4">-</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><span class="p3">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> 2</span>)</span> <a href="real_1.html#K10" title="REAL_1:func.10">/</a> <span class="p3">(<span class="default"><a href="square_1.html#K6" title="SQUARE_1:func.6">sqrt</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K1" title="RLVECT_1:func.1">*</a> <span class="p2">(<span class="default"><a href="jordan2c.html#K5" title="JORDAN2C:func.5">1.REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="metric_1.html#K9" title="METRIC_1:func.9">Ball</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">ez</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c9">r</font>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="metric_1.html#T12" title="METRIC_1:th.12">METRIC_1:12</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E19:111_1_1_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#NR5" title="XBOOLE_0:NR.5">meets</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">G1</font>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E7:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E100">A9</font></span></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E15:111_1_1_1_1_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E103">A12</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#T3" title="XBOOLE_0:th.3">XBOOLE_0:3</a></span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>


</div><span class="kw">end;</span></div><span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E4:111_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:111_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E94">A3</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="pre_topc.html#D13" title="PRE_TOPC:def.13">PRE_TOPC:def 13</a></span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="111_1_1_2"><span class="kw">suppose </span></a><a NAME="E1:111_1_1_2"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">p</font>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span></span><br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:111_1_1_2"/><span class="kw">then </span>
not <font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E2:111"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E93">A2</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="tarski.html#D1" title="TARSKI:def.1">TARSKI:def 1</a></span>;<br/><a NAME="E3:111_1_1_2"/><span class="kw">then </span><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E95">A13</font></span>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> 
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E1:111_1"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E94">A3</font></span></a>, <a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D5" title="XBOOLE_0:def.5">XBOOLE_0:def 5</a></span>;<br/><a NAME="E4:111_1_1_2"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="pre_topc.html#T48" title="PRE_TOPC:th.48">PRE_TOPC:48</a></span>;<br/><span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E5:111_1_1_2"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c4">z</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a>  <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span>
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="txt" href="#E3:111_1_1_2"><span class="lab"><font color="Green" title="E95">A13</font></span></a></span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div></div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>

</div><span class="kw">end;</span></div>
<a NAME="E4:111"/><span class="kw">then </span>
 <a href="pre_topc.html#K2" title="PRE_TOPC:func.2">Cl</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a>  <a href="struct_0.html#K2" title="STRUCT_0:func.2">[#]</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="euclid.html#K15" title="EUCLID:func.15">TOP-REAL</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">n</font></span>)</span>
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D10" title="XBOOLE_0:def.10">XBOOLE_0:def 10</a></span>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:111"/><span class="kw">then </span>
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> <a href="subset_1.html#K3" title="SUBSET_1:func.3">`</a>  is  <a href="tops_1.html#V1" title="TOPS_1:attr.1">dense</a> 
 
<span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="tops_1.html#D3" title="TOPS_1:def.3">TOPS_1:def 3</a></span>;<br/>
<span class="kw">hence </span><a NAME="E6:111"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c3">P</font> is  <a href="tops_1.html#V2" title="TOPS_1:attr.2">boundary</a> 
 <span class="kw">by</span> <span class="lab"><a class="ref" href="tops_1.html#D4" title="TOPS_1:def.4">TOPS_1:def 4</a></span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><span class="comment"><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></span></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div>
