<?xml version="1.0"?>
<div class="add">

<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> be   <a href="polyform.html#NM2" title="POLYFORM:NM.2">polyhedron</a>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> for <font color="Olive" title="b1">k</font> being  <a href="int_1.html#NM1" title="INT_1:NM.1">Integer</a> holds  <font color="Olive" title="b1">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> is   <a href="ranknull.html#NM1" title="RANKNULL:NM.1">linear-transformation</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b1">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b1">k</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span></span><br/><b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> be   <a href="int_1.html#NM1" title="INT_1:NM.1">Integer</a>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> is   <a href="ranknull.html#NM1" title="RANKNULL:NM.1">linear-transformation</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span></span><br/>



<b>set </b><font color="Maroon" title="c3">V</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font>;<br/>
<b>set </b><font color="Maroon" title="c4">b</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font>;<br/>
<a NAME="E1:72"/><i><font color="Green" title="E60">A1</font></i>: 
for <font color="Olive" title="b1">x</font>, <font color="Olive" title="b2">y</font> being  <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> holds  <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b1">x</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <font color="Olive" title="b2">y</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b2">y</font></span>)</span>
 
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="72_1"><b>proof </b></a><div class="add">

<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font> be   <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span></span><br/>

<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span> = 
 <a href="polyform.html#K20" title="POLYFORM:func.20">Boundary</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="polyform.html#D18" target="_self" title="POLYFORM:def.18">Def18</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polyform.html#K20" title="POLYFORM:func.20">Boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polyform.html#K20" title="POLYFORM:func.20">Boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="polyform.html#T47" target="_self" title="POLYFORM:th.47">Th47</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polyform.html#K20" title="POLYFORM:func.20">Boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="polyform.html#D18" target="_self" title="POLYFORM:def.18">Def18</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="polyform.html#D18" target="_self" title="POLYFORM:def.18">Def18</a></i>
;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E2:72_1"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="rlvect_1.html#K3" title="RLVECT_1:func.3">+</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">y</font></span>)</span>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div><b>end;</b></div>
<a NAME="E2:72"/>
for <font color="Olive" title="b1">a</font> being  <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <a href="bspace.html#K2" title="BSPACE:func.2">Z_2</a> <br/> for <font color="Olive" title="b2">x</font> being  <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> holds  <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b1">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <font color="Olive" title="b2">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b2">x</font></span>)</span>
 
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="72_2"><b>proof </b></a><div class="add">

<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> be   <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <a href="bspace.html#K2" title="BSPACE:func.2">Z_2</a> ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> for <font color="Olive" title="b1">x</font> being  <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> holds  <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Olive" title="b1">x</font></span>)</span></span><br/><b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font> be   <a href="struct_0.html#NM1" title="STRUCT_0:NM.1">Element</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span></span><br/>



<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span> = 
 <a href="polyform.html#K20" title="POLYFORM:func.20">Boundary</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="polyform.html#D18" target="_self" title="POLYFORM:def.18">Def18</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><a href="polyform.html#K20" title="POLYFORM:func.20">Boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="polyform.html#T48" target="_self" title="POLYFORM:th.48">Th48</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span>
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="polyform.html#D18" target="_self" title="POLYFORM:def.18">Def18</a></i>
;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E2:72_2"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c5">a</font> <a href="vectsp_1.html#K4" title="VECTSP_1:func.4">*</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span> <a href="funct_2.html#K3" title="FUNCT_2:func.3">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">x</font></span>)</span>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div><b>end;</b></div>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E3:72"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K21" title="POLYFORM:func.21">-boundary</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font> is   <a href="ranknull.html#NM1" title="RANKNULL:NM.1">linear-transformation</a> of <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span>,<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">k</font> <a href="xcmplx_0.html#K6" title="XCMPLX_0:func.6">-</a> 1</span>)</span> <a href="polyform.html#K17" title="POLYFORM:func.17">-chain-space</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c1">p</font></span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E1:72"><i><font color="Green" title="E60">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="mod_2.html#D5" title="MOD_2:def.5">MOD_2:def 5</a></i>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div>
