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<b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c1">G</font> be   <a href="glib_000.html#NM2" title="GLIB_000:NM.2">_Graph</a>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> for <font color="Olive" title="b1">P1</font>, <font color="Olive" title="b2">P2</font> being  <a href="glib_001.html#NM5" title="GLIB_001:NM.5">Path</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">G</font>  st <font color="Olive" title="b1">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Olive" title="b2">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  &amp; not <font color="Olive" title="b1">P1</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a> &amp; not <font color="Olive" title="b2">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a> &amp; <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b1">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="subset_1.html#K9" title="SUBSET_1:func.9">/\</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b2">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">{</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Olive" title="b1">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">}</a></span> holds <br/>( not <font color="Olive" title="b1">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Olive" title="b2">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a> &amp; <font color="Olive" title="b1">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Olive" title="b2">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V5" title="GLIB_001:attr.5">Path-like</a> )</span><br/><b>let </b><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> be   <a href="glib_001.html#NM5" title="GLIB_001:NM.5">Path</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">G</font>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> ( <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  &amp; not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a> &amp; not <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a> &amp; <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="subset_1.html#K9" title="SUBSET_1:func.9">/\</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">{</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">}</a></span> implies ( not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a> &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V5" title="GLIB_001:attr.5">Path-like</a> ) )</span><br/>



<b>assume </b><b>that </b><br/><a NAME="E1:21"/><i><font color="Green" title="E17">A1</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a> 
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E2:21"/><i><font color="Green" title="E18">A2</font></i>: 
not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E3:21"/><i><font color="Green" title="E19">A3</font></i>: 
not <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E4:21"/><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A4</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="subset_1.html#K9" title="SUBSET_1:func.9">/\</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">{</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">}</a></span>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> ( not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a> &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V5" title="GLIB_001:attr.5">Path-like</a> )</span><br/>

<b>set </b><font color="Maroon" title="c4">P</font> = <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:21"/><i><font color="Green" title="E21">A5</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#R1" title="XBOOLE_0:pred.1">misses</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a> 
 
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_1"><b>proof </b></a><div class="add">

<b>assume </b><a NAME="E1:21_1"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="subset_1.html#K9" title="SUBSET_1:func.9">/\</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a>  <a href="xboole_0.html#K1" title="XBOOLE_0:func.1">{}</a> 
 ; <i><font color="Red">:: according to </font></i><a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D7" title="XBOOLE_0:def.7">XBOOLE_0:def 7</a> <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> contradiction</span><br/>

<b>then consider </b><font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> being    <a href="hidden.html#M1" title="HIDDEN:mode.1">set</a> <b> such that </b><br/><a NAME="E3:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A6</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="subset_1.html#K9" title="SUBSET_1:func.9">/\</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a> </span>)</span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D1" title="XBOOLE_0:def.1">XBOOLE_0:def 1</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E4:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E23">A7</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a> 
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E3:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A6</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D4" title="XBOOLE_0:def.4">XBOOLE_0:def 4</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E24">A8</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K14" title="GLIB_001:func.14">.edges()</a> 
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E3:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A6</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D4" title="XBOOLE_0:def.4">XBOOLE_0:def 4</a></i>;<br/>
<b>consider </b><font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> being   <a href="glib_000.html#NM10" title="GLIB_000:NM.10">Vertex</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">G</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font> being  <a href="abian.html#NV2" title="ABIAN:NV.2">odd</a>  <a href="subset_1.html#M1" title="SUBSET_1:mode.1">Element</a> of  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">NAT</a> <b> such that </b><br/><a NAME="E7:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A9</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="finseq_1.html#K3" title="FINSEQ_1:func.3">len</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E8:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A10</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="funct_1.html#K1" title="FUNCT_1:func.1">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E9:21_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="funct_1.html#K1" title="FUNCT_1:func.1">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E10:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E27">A11</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="funct_1.html#K1" title="FUNCT_1:func.1">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2</span>)</span>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E11:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E28">A12</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="glib_000.html#R1" title="GLIB_000:pred.1">Joins</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c1">G</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E4:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E23">A7</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T104" title="GLIB_001:th.104">GLIB_001:104</a></i>;<br/>
<b>consider </b><font color="Maroon" title="c9">u1</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c10">u2</font> being   <a href="glib_000.html#NM10" title="GLIB_000:NM.10">Vertex</a> of <font color="Maroon" title="c1">G</font>, <font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font> being  <a href="abian.html#NV2" title="ABIAN:NV.2">odd</a>  <a href="subset_1.html#M1" title="SUBSET_1:mode.1">Element</a> of  <a href="numbers.html#K5" title="NUMBERS:func.5">NAT</a> <b> such that </b><br/><a NAME="E13:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E29">A13</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2 <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="finseq_1.html#K3" title="FINSEQ_1:func.3">len</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E14:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E30">A14</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c9">u1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="funct_1.html#K1" title="FUNCT_1:func.1">.</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E15:21_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="funct_1.html#K1" title="FUNCT_1:func.1">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 1</span>)</span>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E16:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E31">A15</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c10">u2</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="funct_1.html#K1" title="FUNCT_1:func.1">.</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2</span>)</span>
 <b>and </b><br/><a NAME="E17:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E32">A16</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c5">x</font> <a href="glib_000.html#R1" title="GLIB_000:pred.1">Joins</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c9">u1</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c10">u2</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c1">G</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E5:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E24">A8</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T104" title="GLIB_001:th.104">GLIB_001:104</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E18:21_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E33">A17</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xreal_1.html#T10" title="XREAL_1:th.10">XREAL_1:10</a></i>;<br/>
<div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_1_1"><b>per </b></a><a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><b>cases </b></a><span class="hide"><a NAME="E1:21_1_1"/>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> or <font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> )
 </span>;<br/><div class="add"><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_1_1_1"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:21_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E34">A18</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#NR2" title="HIDDEN:NR.2">&lt;&gt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> contradiction</span><br/><div class="add"><a NAME="E2:21_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c8">n</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="finseq_1.html#K3" title="FINSEQ_1:func.3">len</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E7:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A9</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E18:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E33">A17</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xxreal_0.html#T2" title="XXREAL_0:th.2">XXREAL_0:2</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E3:21_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E35">A19</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E8:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A10</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T88" title="GLIB_001:th.88">GLIB_001:88</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E4:21_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E36">A20</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E7:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A9</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E10:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E27">A11</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T88" title="GLIB_001:th.88">GLIB_001:88</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E5:21_1_1_1"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> <a href="numbers.html#K6" title="NUMBERS:func.6">0</a>  <a href="xxreal_0.html#NR3" title="XXREAL_0:NR.3">&lt;</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font> <a href="nat_1.html#K2" title="NAT_1:func.2">+</a> 2
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="xreal_1.html#T10" title="XREAL_1:th.10">XREAL_1:10</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E6:21_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon" title="c11">m</font> <a href="xxreal_0.html#R1" title="XXREAL_0:pred.1">&lt;=</a>  <a href="finseq_1.html#K3" title="FINSEQ_1:func.3">len</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E13:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E29">A13</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xxreal_0.html#T2" title="XXREAL_0:th.2">XXREAL_0:2</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E7:21_1_1_1"/><b>then </b><i><font color="Green" title="E37">A21</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c9">u1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E14:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E30">A14</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T88" title="GLIB_001:th.88">GLIB_001:88</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E8:21_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E38">A22</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c10">u2</font> <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E13:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E29">A13</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E16:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E31">A15</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T88" title="GLIB_001:th.88">GLIB_001:88</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E9:21_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E39">A23</font></i>: 
( ( <font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c9">u1</font> &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c10">u2</font> ) or ( <font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c10">u2</font> &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c9">u1</font> ) )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E11:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E28">A12</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E17:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E32">A16</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_000.html#T18" title="GLIB_000:th.18">GLIB_000:18</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E10:21_1_1_1"/><i><font color="Green" title="E40">A24</font></i>: 
<span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K2" title="TARSKI:func.2">{</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font></span><a href="tarski.html#K2" title="TARSKI:func.2">}</a></span> <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E3:21_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E35">A19</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E4:21_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E36">A20</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="zfmisc_1.html#T38" title="ZFMISC_1:th.38">ZFMISC_1:38</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E11:21_1_1_1"/>
<span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K2" title="TARSKI:func.2">{</a><span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c9">u1</font>,<font color="Maroon" title="c10">u2</font></span><a href="tarski.html#K2" title="TARSKI:func.2">}</a></span> <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E7:21_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E37">A21</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E8:21_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E38">A22</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="zfmisc_1.html#T38" title="ZFMISC_1:th.38">ZFMISC_1:38</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E12:21_1_1_1"/><b>then </b>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a>  &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a>  )
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E4:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E9:21_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E39">A23</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E10:21_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E40">A24</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xboole_1.html#T19" title="XBOOLE_1:th.19">XBOOLE_1:19</a>, <a class="ref" href="zfmisc_1.html#T26" title="ZFMISC_1:th.26">ZFMISC_1:26</a></i>;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E13:21_1_1_1"/>
contradiction
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E1:21_1_1_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E34">A18</font></i></a></i>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><b>end;</b></div><div><a class="txt" onclick="hsNdiv(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_1_1_2"><b>suppose </b></a><a NAME="E1:21_1_1_2"/><i><font color="Green" title="E34">A25</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font> <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c7">v2</font>
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> contradiction</span><br/><div class="add"><b>then </b><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  = 
<font color="Maroon" title="c6">v1</font>
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E7:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A9</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E8:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A10</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E10:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E27">A11</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E18:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E33">A17</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#D28" title="GLIB_001:def.28">GLIB_001:def 28</a></i>
<br/>.= 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E7:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E25">A9</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E8:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E26">A10</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E10:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E27">A11</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E18:21_1"><i><font color="Green" title="E33">A17</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E1:21_1_1_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E34">A25</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#D28" title="GLIB_001:def.28">GLIB_001:def 28</a></i>
;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E3:21_1_1_2"/>
contradiction
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E2:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E18">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#D24" title="GLIB_001:def.24">GLIB_001:def 24</a></i>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><b>end;</b></div></div><b>end;</b></div>

</div><b>end;</b></div>
<b>thus </b><a NAME="E6:21"/>
not <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V1" title="GLIB_001:attr.1">closed</a>
  <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V5" title="GLIB_001:attr.5">Path-like</a></span><div><a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_2"><b>proof </b></a><div class="add">

<b>assume </b><a NAME="E1:21_2"/><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A26</font></i>: 
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font></span>)</span> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font></span>)</span> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> 
 ; <i><font color="Red">:: according to </font></i><a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#D24" title="GLIB_001:def.24">GLIB_001:def 24</a> <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> contradiction</span><br/>

<a NAME="E2:21_2"/>
( <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font></span>)</span> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  &amp; <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font></span>)</span> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a>  )
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E1:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E17">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T31" title="GLIB_001:th.31">GLIB_001:31</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E3:21_2"/><b>then </b>
( <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a>  &amp; <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a>  )
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E1:21_2"><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A26</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T89" title="GLIB_001:th.89">GLIB_001:89</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E4:21_2"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">{</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">}</a></span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E4:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D4" title="XBOOLE_0:def.4">XBOOLE_0:def 4</a></i>;<br/>
<a NAME="E5:21_2"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> 
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="tarski.html#D1" title="TARSKI:def.1">TARSKI:def 1</a></i>;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E6:21_2"/>
contradiction
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E2:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E18">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#D24" title="GLIB_001:def.24">GLIB_001:def 24</a></i>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div><b>end;</b></div>

<div><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A27</font></i>: <a class="txt" onclick="hs2(this)" href="javascript:()" title="21_3"><b>now </b></a><div class="add"><b>assume </b><a NAME="E1:21_3"/><i><font color="Green" title="E23">A28</font></i>: 
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 ; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> contradiction</span><br/><a NAME="E2:21_3"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#T89" title="GLIB_001:th.89">GLIB_001:89</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E3:21_3"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R2" title="HIDDEN:pred.2">in</a> <span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">{</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="tarski.html#K1" title="TARSKI:func.1">}</a></span>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E4:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E1:21_3"><i><font color="Green" title="E23">A28</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="xboole_0.html#D4" title="XBOOLE_0:def.4">XBOOLE_0:def 4</a></i>;<br/><a NAME="E4:21_3"/><b>then </b>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a>  <a href="hidden.html#R1" title="HIDDEN:pred.1">=</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> 
 <b>by </b><i><a class="ref" href="tarski.html#D1" title="TARSKI:def.1">TARSKI:def 1</a></i>;<br/><b>hence </b><a NAME="E5:21_3"/>
contradiction
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E2:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E18">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="glib_001.html#D24" title="GLIB_001:def.24">GLIB_001:def 24</a></i>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/></div><b>end;</b></div>
<a NAME="E8:21"/>
<span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="subset_1.html#K9" title="SUBSET_1:func.9">/\</a> <span class="p1">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K13" title="GLIB_001:func.13">.vertices()</a> </span>)</span> <a href="tarski.html#R1" title="TARSKI:pred.1">c=</a> <span class="p1"><a href="tarski.html#K2" title="TARSKI:func.2">{</a><span class="default"><span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K3" title="GLIB_001:func.3">.first()</a> </span>)</span>,<span class="p2">(<span class="default"><font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K4" title="GLIB_001:func.4">.last()</a> </span>)</span></span><a href="tarski.html#K2" title="TARSKI:func.2">}</a></span>
 
<b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E4:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E20">A4</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="zfmisc_1.html#T12" title="ZFMISC_1:th.12">ZFMISC_1:12</a></i>;<br/>
<b>hence </b><a NAME="E9:21"/>
<font color="Maroon" title="c2">P1</font> <a href="glib_001.html#K7" title="GLIB_001:func.7">.append</a> <font color="Maroon" title="c3">P2</font> is <a href="glib_001.html#V5" title="GLIB_001:attr.5">Path-like</a>
 <b>by </b><i><a class="txt" href="#E1:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E17">A1</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E2:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E18">A2</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E3:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E19">A3</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E5:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E21">A5</font></i></a>, <a class="txt" href="#E7:21"><i><font color="Green" title="E22">A27</font></i></a>, <a class="ref" href="helly.html#T18" target="_self" title="HELLY:th.18">Th17</a></i>; <a class="txt" onclick="hs(this)" href="javascript:()"><i><font color="Red">::  thesis: </font></i></a><span class="hide"> verum</span><br/>


</div>
